NAUSEA AND VOMITING
Nausea and vomiting are often associated with abdominal pain, and their presence may provide clues to the underlying diagnosis. Vomiting most commonly occurs with obstruction and distention of the stomach or intestine (pyloric stenosis, small bowel obstruction), motility disorders (diabetic gastroparesis), or irritation and inflammation of the peritoneum. In these disorders, vagal afferents are thought to stimulate the medullary chemore-ceptor trigger zones, which in turn induce vomiting. Drugs and gastric mucosal irritants may also induce vomiting via this pathway. Other disorders associated with vomiting include increased intracranial pressure, psychogenic vomiting, hypersecretion of gastric acid (Zollinger-EUison syndrome), and the early morning vomiting of alcoholics, pregnant women, and uremics.
- ENDOSCOPIC PROCEDURES
- Resuscitation
- Etiology and Pathogenesis
- NORMAL ESOPHAGEAL PHYSIOLOGY
- PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE
- EFFECTS OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION ON PULMONARY FUNCTION
- GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CARDIAC SURGERY
- APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH ACUTE ABDOMINAL PAIN
- TUMOR METASTASES TO THE LIVER
- Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
- Laparoscopy
- Urinary Tract Infection
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF GALLSTONES
- Disopyramide
- Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
- CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
- CARDIOMYOPATHY
- TESTS OF HEPATIC FUNCTION
- Endocrine Systems
- APPROACH TO THE DIAGNOSIS OF JAUNDICE
- Genitourinary System
- APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WJTH SUSPECTED MALDIGESTION AND/OR MALABSORPTION
- ETIOLOGY OF GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING
- Verapamil
- Visualization of the Biliary Tree
- Pathology
- MOXIOUS GASES AflD FUMES
- MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY
- PRINCIPLES OF CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
- Treatment and Prognosis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Mechanism of Proteinuria
- SMOKE INHALATION
- EFFECTORS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
- APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH RENAL DISEASE