EFFECTORS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Signals are, transmitted from the respiratory center to the chest bellows apparatus by (1) the phrenic nerves, which supply the diaphragm, (2) the intercostal nerves, which innervate the intercostal and abdominal muscles, (3) the accessory cranial nerves, which supply the sternomastoid muscles, and (4) the lower cervical nerves, which supply the scalene muscles. In addition, a variety of muscles acting on the soft palate, tongue, and hydid bone maintain upper airway patency and offset the collapsing effect of the negative pressures generated by the respiratory muscles. During wakefulness, both the upper airway and chest wall muscles display rhythmic inspiratory activity. During sleep, upper airway muscle activity wanes, whereas diaphragmatic activation changes little.
- PHYSIOLOGY OF THE SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
- Bretylium Tosylate
- CYSTIC FIBROSIS
- COMPLICATIONS OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
- TREATMENT
- OTHER THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES
- CLINICAL PRESENTATION
- DISORDERS OF THE GALLBLADDER AND BILIARY TRACT
- Mechanism of Proteinuria
- DEFINITION
- PNEUMOTHORAX
- NORMAL INTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY
- Minimal Change Nephropathy
- Neurologic Manifestations
- Systemic Vasculitides
- LIVER BIOPSY
- Pyuria
- MOXIOUS GASES AflD FUMES
- Clinical Assessment of Anemia
- AORTIC DISEASE - AORTIC ANEURYSMS
- HEMATOLOGY
- Endocrine Systems
- MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY
- DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES AND THEIR INDICATIONS - IMAGING PROCEDURES
- Alterations in Glomerular Hemodynamics, Parathyroid Hormone Metabolism, and Systemic Arterial Blood Pressure
- MISCELLANEOUS AORTIC DISEASE
- Resuscitation
- Phosphate Balance
- PHYSIOLOGY OF THE CORONARY CIRCULATION
- ANTIBIOTICS
- Indirect
- ACUTE PANCREATITIS
- DEFINITION
- Pulmonary Vasculitis
- CARCINOMA OF THE PANCREAS - Definition